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Southdale Center, colloquially known as Southdale, is a shopping mall located in Edina, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. It opened in 1956 and is the oldest fully enclosed, climate-controlled mall in the United States.〔http://www.simon.com/about_simon/leasing/LocalMall.aspx?ID=1249 southdale.com〕〔http://web.archive.org/web/20080215021538/http://www.easternct.edu/depts/amerst/MallsHistory.htm〕〔http://web.archive.org/web/20080114023316/www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/72southdale.html〕〔http://web.archive.org/web/20061112042530/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2006/10/04/southdale/〕〔http://web.archive.org/web/20070927050145/http://ci.edina.mn.us/PDFs/AboutTown/L4-91_AboutTown_2007Winter.pdf〕〔"From Settlement to Suburb: The History of Edina, Minnesota" by Paul D. Hesterman (1988)〕〔"Shopping Towns, USA: The Planning of Shopping Centers" by Victor Gruen and Larry Smith (1960)〕 As of 2011, much of the original Southdale structure is still in use, as well as later additions to the building. Southdale Center is currently 18% vacant, which is considerably less than the 38% vacancy rate from 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Simon Property Group )〕 ==History== Southdale Center was developed by the Dayton Company and designed by Victor Gruen, an Austrian immigrant and socialist. Gruen was a European-style socialist; he found individual stores in downtown venues to be inefficient, and the suburban lifestyle of 1950s America too car-centric and wanted to design a building that would be a communal gathering place, where people would shop, drink coffee, and socialize, as he remembered from his native Vienna. He modeled Southdale on the arcades of European cities.〔http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/shopping-mall-look-like-1956/〕〔("Retailing Birth, death and shopping" ), ''The Economist'', December 19, 2007〕 In his plans for Southdale he placed the shopping center at the center of a 463-acre (1.9 km²) development that was also to comprise apartment buildings, houses, schools, a medical center, a park, and a lake. Southdale was not to be a suburban alternative to downtown Minneapolis, but something more complete, better thought out. Gruen wanted an atmosphere of leisure, excitement, and intimacy. To achieve this he placed works of art, decorative lighting, fountains, an aviary with 50 types of birds, tropical plants, and flowers throughout the mall. However, Gruen's vision for development around the shopping center was not achieved.〔 Groundbreaking for Southdale took place on October 29, 1954. 800 construction workers were needed to build the three-story, 800,000 ft² (74,000 m²) center, which had 5,200 parking spaces and 72 premises for tenants and cost $20 million.〔Malcolm Gladwell, (The Terrazzo Jungle ), ''The New Yorker'', March 15, 2004, Accessed June 12, 2009.〕 The mall was developed by the Dayton Company, owners of Dayton's department store in Minneapolis and predecessor to the Target Corporation. A branch of Dayton's would anchor the mall along with Donaldson's, Walgreens Pharmacy and Woolworth. When the mall officially opened on October 8, 1956, the opening drew over 40,000 visitors.〔 After a visit in November, Frank Lloyd Wright, during a speech to the local Citizens League, mercilessly criticized the mall design by saying, "The garden court has all the evils of a village street and none of its charms." (He criticized all of the downtown Minneapolis buildings, as well.)〔http://www.startribune.com/local/blogs/126070188.html〕 It was envisioned that Southdale would become a hub not just for the residents of the city of Edina, but for the greater Twin Cities area, surpassing downtown Minneapolis. The creators of the center understood that consumers increasingly demanded convenience and variety. The mall was designed to provide many services under one roof. These services included a Post Office, a grocery store, an upscale apparel store and a small zoo. The IDS Center and its attached Crystal Court in the central Minneapolis business district helped the downtown area reclaimed its focal status. Over the years, Southdale has been the venue of gem, boat, and fine art shows, and charity and community events. Southdale was the host site for an episode of the television game show ''Truth or Consequences''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Southdale Center」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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